Major Differences Between Arterial and Venous Insufficiency

woman on bicycle in a dress

Arterial and venous insufficiency are two different medical conditions that can have a serious impact on your health. Arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart out to the organs and tissues. By contrast, veins return this blood back to the heart. Arterial insufficiency is when arteries are not functioning properly, while venous insufficiency is when veins are not functioning properly. 

Both conditions can lead to a number of health problems, including pain, poor quality of life, and even death. It is important to understand the difference between the two so that you can get the treatment you need. 

What is arterial insufficiency 

Arterial insufficiency is a condition in which the arteries are not able to supply enough oxygenated blood to the tissues and organs of the body. This can cause damage to the tissues as well as severe pain. Arterial insufficiency can be caused by a number of different conditions, including atherosclerosis (narrowing of the arteries due to plaque build-up), diabetes, hypertension (high blood pressure), and arteritis (inflammation of the arteries). 

What is venous insufficiency 

This is a condition where the valves inside the veins become damaged, allowing blood to flow backwards and build up in the veins and surrounding tissues. This backup of blood can lead to bulging veins, swelling, pain, and problems with your skin. Risk factors for venous insufficiency include family history, pregnancy, obesity, age, and prolonged sitting or standing. 

Symptoms of arterial and venous insufficiency 

Arterial and venous insufficiency can both cause a variety of symptoms, some of them overlapping.  

Some common symptoms of arterial insufficiency include: 

  • Pain or cramping in the legs or feet, which may occur with walking (even short distances) and subside with rest 

  • Numbness or tingling in the extremities, which may feel cool to the touch 

  • Discoloration of the skin, particularly in the feet, which may look red 

  • Sores or ulcers on the feet 

  • Shortness of breath 

  • Pain may worsen with leg elevation 

Some common symptoms of venous insufficiency include: 

  • Swelling in the legs or ankles 

  • Pain, dull aches, or heaviness in the legs 

  • Varicose veins 

  • Discoloration in the ankles and lower legs, which may look brown/purple 

  • Ulcers in the calves or ankles 

  • Pain may improve with leg elevation 

Treatment for arterial and venous insufficiency 

There are several treatment options available for arterial and venous insufficiency, which typically focus on improving blood flow.  

Some common treatments for venous insufficiency include: 

1. In-office procedures: In some cases, a procedure may be necessary to improve blood flow or close malfunctioning veins. Procedures such as sclerotherapy and endovenous laser therapy can be effective in treating venous insufficiency. 

2. Compression stockings: Wearing compression stockings can be a helpful treatment for venous insufficiency, as they help improve circulation and reduce the risk of blood clots. (Please note that if you have arterial insufficiency, you should check with your doctor before using compression stockings as they may not be recommended.) 

3. Physical therapy: Physical therapy and regular activity can help improve blood flow. Exercises such as walking, cycling, and swimming are all beneficial for improving vein health. 

Arterial and venous insufficiency are both serious health conditions that should not be taken lightly. It is important to know the symptoms of each condition and see a vein specialist if you suspect you may have venous insufficiency. With proper treatment, these conditions can be managed and the risk of complications reduced.


Elmore Medical Vein & Laser Treatment Center is the premier vein specialty medical practice in the Central Valley. Dr. Mario H. Gonzalez and his staff offer years of experience and medical expertise that you won’t find anywhere else. Contact us to set up a consultation appointment.

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